Spine surgery : Spine surgery is a medical procedure aimed at correcting problems with the spine, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, deformities, and fractures. The goal is to alleviate pain, restore function, and improve quality of life. Common types of spine surgery include discectomy (removal of a herniated disc), laminectomy (removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves), and spinal fusion (joining two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine). The choice of surgery depends on the specific spinal condition, its severity, and the patient’s overall health. Advances in minimally invasive techniques have reduced recovery times and improved outcomes, allowing many patients to return to their daily activities more quickly.